Explaining the solutions of the unit commitment with interpretable machine learning

S. Lumbreras, D.A. Tejada, D. Elechiguerra

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Vol. 160, pp. 110106-1 - 110106-13

Summary:

The energy transition needs mathematical models to address the complexity of shifting towards sustainable energy sources. In addition to providing accurate solutions, these models must be explainable and available for discussion among stakeholders to facilitate informed decision-making and ensure a successful transition. This paper contributes to the explainability of power systems models by applying interpretable machine learning techniques to improve understanding of the solutions to the unit commitment problem. It applies them to a case study based on the IEEE 118N system. The developed methodology aims at describing the optimal commitment solutions as a function of the conditions of the system in a compact manner that is understandable by a human being. This type of information takes the form of 'which plants are needed under which conditions' and is routinely learned by experience by system operators and other agents participating in the system. This experiential knowledge is realized in an approximate form that is simple enough to help make or justify decisions. By applying interpretable machine learning techniques, our methodology can automatically extract what was previously only available through human experience and reflection. Our approach involves model trees and node clustering to find a concise description of the different situations where the system can be found. Our results show that the methodology can explain these modes of operation for the 118N system in a sufficiently simple manner to be understood by a human unfamiliar with the system. This shows that interpretable machine learning can provide valuable insights into real solutions of the unit commitment and help improve decision-making in this area.

Spanish layman's summary:

En este artículo combinamos optimización y machine learning para explicar las soluciones del Unit Committment de manera intuitiva, generando automáticamente el tipo de conocimiento que antes sólo estaba disponible a los expertos después de trabajar durante años el mismo problema.

English layman's summary:

In this paper we combine optimization and machine learning to be able to explain intuitively the solutions of the Unit Commitment problem even for a real-sized system, therefore generating automatically the type of knowledge that was once only available to experts working in a system through years of experience.

Keywords: Power systems; Unit commitment; Explainable machine learnin; Interpretability

JCR Impact Factor and WoS quartile: 5,000 - Q1 (2023)

DOI reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110106

Published on paper: September 2024.

Published on-line: June 2024.

Citation:
S. Lumbreras, D.A. Tejada, D. Elechiguerra, Explaining the solutions of the unit commitment with interpretable machine learning. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. Vol. 160, pp. 110106-1 - 110106-13, September 2024. [Online: June 2024]